South America
Peru
Source: https://www.peru.travel/en/about-peru/history
Peru was the cradle of ancient civilizations which began to develop more than ten thousand years ago, on its territory’s cold highland plains.
Caral was the culmination of Peru’s first cultural process, known as the Initial Period, and its main characteristics are the building of mud brick stepped temples, circular plazas and small villages surrounding administrative and ceremonial centers. Major archaeological sites such as Sechin, on the Ancash coast, and the Kotosh Temple of the Crossed Hands, in Huanuco, date from this period.
Thousands of years later, Chavin culture emerged in the north-central Andes, in the present-day region of Ancash.
Around 700 BC, on the central coast, another fascinating culture emerged: Paracas, the first major desert society. The people of Paracas were skilled weavers –their large-scale textiles with intricate designs have been admired throughout the world- and their burial practices are particularly unique.
Following this first phase of development, what we now acknowledge as the first regional empire emerged, around 550 AD. Known as Wari, and a continuation of the Peruvian and Bolivian high plains Tiahuanaco culture, this society dominated a vast territory across much of the area that would later become the Inca empire of Tahuantinsuyo. It was the Wari who first began to lay out the great pre-Hispanic highway network and establish the social and territorial administrative system that would eventually be inherited by the Incas of Cusco.
With the disappearance of Wari, around 1 200 AD, the Late Intermediate period began, in the form of a second wave of regional cultural developments, among which the Chimu are particularly worthy of note, as the builders of Chan Chan, the world’s largest mud brick city.
The Chachapoyas also emerged at this time, the so-called “people of the clouds”, who occupied the luxuriant cloud forests of the Amazonas region, where they built extraordinary cities and mausoleums carved into sheer cliffs.
Peru People Groups from The Joshua Project
Peru. Data from The Joshua Project (https://www.joshuaproject.net)
People | Reached | Language | Population | Bible | Religion | Adherents | Evangelical |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amarakaire Harakmbet | Unreached | Amarakaeri |
2,100 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
0.6 |
0.5 |
Amawaka | Unreached | Amahuaca |
400 |
Portions Completed | Ethnic Religions |
5.0 |
0.3 |
Asheninka Pajonal | Unreached | Asheninka-Pajonal |
15,000 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
0.7 |
0.7 |
Asheninka South Ucayali | Unreached | Asheninka-South Ucayali |
17,000 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
1.6 |
1.4 |
Asheninka Ucayali-Yurua | Unreached | Asheninka-Ucayali-Yurua |
8,800 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
2.5 |
0.3 |
Cujareno Mashco Piro | Unreached | Mashco Piro |
300 |
Translation Needed | Ethnic Religions |
2.0 |
0.0 |
Iquito | Unreached | Iquitu |
500 |
Portions Completed | Ethnic Religions |
1.9 |
1.8 |
Japanese | Unreached | Japanese |
157,000 |
Complete Bible | Buddhism |
1.5 |
0.5 |
Jew Spanish-speaking | Unreached | Spanish |
1,900 |
Complete Bible | Ethnic Religions |
0.2 |
0.1 |
Matses | Unreached | Matses |
5,300 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
5.0 |
0.2 |
Nanti | Unreached | Nanti |
300 |
Portions Completed | Ethnic Religions |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Pisabo | Unreached | Pisabo |
700 |
Translation Needed | Ethnic Religions |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Yaminahua Chitonajuas | Unreached | Yaminahua |
300 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Yaminawa | Unreached | Yaminahua |
900 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
2.0 |
1.7 |
Yora | Unreached | Yora |
200 |
Portions Completed | Ethnic Religions |
1.0 |
0.0 |
Achuar Jivaro | Minimally Reached | Achuar-Shiwiar |
400 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
15.0 |
2.0 |
Aguaruna | Minimally Reached | Awajun |
63,000 |
Complete Bible | Ethnic Religions |
7.0 |
0.1 |
Amuesha | Minimally Reached | Yanesha |
8,700 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
45.0 |
0.8 |
Candoshi | Minimally Reached | Kandozi-Chapra |
3,500 |
Complete Bible | Ethnic Religions |
6.0 |
0.2 |
Capanahua | Minimally Reached | Capanahua |
500 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
10.0 |
0.3 |
Chayahuita | Minimally Reached | Shawi |
22,000 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
40.0 |
0.4 |
Ese Ejja | Minimally Reached | Ese Ejja |
1,300 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
40.0 |
0.6 |
Kambeba | Minimally Reached | Spanish |
600 |
Complete Bible | Ethnic Religions |
18.0 |
1.0 |
Kaxinawa Cashinahua | Minimally Reached | Kashinawa |
1,600 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
10.0 |
0.2 |
Kokama | Minimally Reached | Kukama-Kukamiria |
18,000 |
Portions Completed | Ethnic Religions |
10.0 |
0.6 |
Miranha | Minimally Reached | Bora |
800 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
40.0 |
0.3 |
Muinane Huitoto | Minimally Reached | Witoto-Nipode |
1,300 |
Portions Completed | Ethnic Religions |
45.0 |
0.8 |
Quechua Chachapoyas | Minimally Reached | Quechua-Chachapoyas |
8,600 |
Translation Needed | Ethnic Religions |
40.0 |
2.0 |
Secoya | Minimally Reached | Paicoca |
900 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
10.0 |
0.0 |
Urarina | Minimally Reached | Urarina |
3,700 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
9.0 |
1.4 |
Yaminawa Arara | Minimally Reached | Yaminahua |
400 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
10.0 |
1.0 |
Apurucayali Asheninka | Superficially Reached | Ajyininka Apurucayali |
5,100 |
New Testament | Christianity |
60.0 |
2.0 |
Arabela | Superficially Reached | Arabela |
400 |
New Testament | Christianity |
60.0 |
0.6 |
Ashaninka | Superficially Reached | Ashaninka |
41,000 |
New Testament | Christianity |
65.0 |
1.5 |
Asheninka Perene | Superficially Reached | Asheninka-Perene |
6,900 |
New Testament | Christianity |
60.0 |
2.0 |
Aymara Central | Superficially Reached | Aymara-Central |
518,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
90.0 |
1.5 |
Chamicura | Superficially Reached | Spanish |
100 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
90.0 |
0.5 |
Deaf | Superficially Reached | Peruvian Sign Language |
167,000 |
Translation Started | Christianity |
95.5 |
|
Greek | Superficially Reached | Greek |
6,600 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
91.0 |
0.4 |
Injerto Asian / Peruvians | Superficially Reached | Spanish |
13,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
90.0 |
2.0 |
Jaqaru | Superficially Reached | Jaqaru |
2,600 |
Unspecified | Christianity |
80.0 |
0.2 |
Jebero | Superficially Reached | Jebero |
2,900 |
Portions Completed | Christianity |
60.0 |
1.0 |
Matsigenka | Superficially Reached | Matsigenka |
23,000 |
New Testament | Christianity |
60.0 |
2.0 |
Mulatto | Superficially Reached | Spanish |
64,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
90.0 |
2.0 |
Ocaina | Superficially Reached | Ocaina |
200 |
Portions Completed | Christianity |
70.0 |
1.0 |
Orejon | Superficially Reached | Maijuna |
300 |
Portions Completed | Christianity |
60.0 |
0.4 |
Quechua Apurimac | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Eastern Apurimac |
248,000 |
New Testament | Christianity |
94.0 |
0.5 |
Quechua Arequipa | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Arequipa-La Union |
41,000 |
Portions Completed | Christianity |
93.0 |
0.5 |
Quechua Cerro de Pasco | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco |
14,000 |
Translation Needed | Christianity |
90.0 |
0.3 |
Quechua Chiquian Ancash | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Chiquian |
13,000 |
Unspecified | Christianity |
95.0 |
1.4 |
Quechua Corongo Ancash | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Corongo Ancash |
5,100 |
Portions Completed | Christianity |
95.0 |
0.4 |
Quechua Huaylas Ancash | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Huaylas Ancash |
426,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
95.0 |
1.2 |
Quechua Jauja Huancayo | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Jauja Wanca |
98,000 |
Translation Started | Christianity |
92.0 |
2.0 |
Quechua North Junin | Superficially Reached | Quechua-North Junin |
80,000 |
New Testament | Christianity |
90.0 |
0.9 |
Quechua North Lima | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Cajatambo North Lima |
9,000 |
Unspecified | Christianity |
91.0 |
0.4 |
Quechua Pachitea | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Panao |
62,000 |
New Testament | Christianity |
90.0 |
2.0 |
Quechua Pasco-Yanahuanca | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Chaupihuaranga |
48,000 |
Unspecified | Christianity |
91.0 |
0.6 |
Quechua Puno | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Puno |
621,000 |
New Testament | Christianity |
96.0 |
2.0 |
Quechua Southern Conchucos Ancash | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Southern Conchucos |
330,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
95.0 |
0.6 |
Quechua Southern Huancayo | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Huaylla Wanca |
310,000 |
New Testament | Christianity |
92.0 |
0.8 |
Quechua Southern Pastaza | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Southern Pastaza |
2,000 |
New Testament | Christianity |
90.0 |
1.0 |
Quechua Yauyos | Superficially Reached | Quechua-Yauyos |
7,900 |
Unspecified | Christianity |
91.0 |
0.8 |
Quichua Northern Pastaza | Superficially Reached | Quichua-Northern Pastaza |
2,300 |
New Testament | Christianity |
99.0 |
2.0 |
Russian | Superficially Reached | Russian |
1,700 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
67.0 |
1.2 |
Shipibol | Superficially Reached | Shipibo-Conibo |
32,000 |
New Testament | Christianity |
65.0 |
2.0 |
Spanish Loreto-Ucayali | Superficially Reached | Spanish-Charapa |
3,300 |
Translation Needed | Christianity |
95.0 |
0.5 |
Ticuna | Superficially Reached | Ticuna |
10,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
90.0 |
1.0 |
Zambo Mulatto | Superficially Reached | Spanish |
33,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
95.0 |
2.0 |
Afro-Peruvian | Partially Reached | Spanish |
165,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
100.0 |
7.0 |
Aguano | Partially Reached | Spanish |
200 |
Complete Bible | Ethnic Religions |
45.0 |
5.0 |
Asheninka Pichis | Partially Reached | Asheninka-Pichis |
15,000 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
9.7 |
8.7 |
British | Partially Reached | English |
5,400 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
60.0 |
8.8 |
Caquinte | Partially Reached | Caquinte |
400 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
5.0 |
4.0 |
German | Partially Reached | German-Standard |
6,500 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
64.0 |
2.1 |
Han Chinese Cantonese | Partially Reached | Chinese-Yue |
145,000 |
Complete Bible | Non-Religious |
8.0 |
5.7 |
Huachipaire | Partially Reached | Huachipaeri |
2,100 |
Portions Completed | Ethnic Religions |
10.0 |
7.0 |
Isconahua | Partially Reached | Shipibo-Conibo |
100 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
40.0 |
4.0 |
Kakataibo | Partially Reached | Kakataibo-Kashibo |
2,200 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
7.0 |
6.0 |
Nomatsiguenga | Partially Reached | Nomatsigenga |
9,300 |
New Testament | Christianity |
60.0 |
2.5 |
Quechua Ambo-Pasco | Partially Reached | Quechua-Ambo-Pasco |
119,000 |
New Testament | Christianity |
95.0 |
2.4 |
Quechua Ayacucho | Partially Reached | Quechua-Ayacucho |
1,151,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
93.0 |
3.9 |
Quechua Cajamarca | Partially Reached | Quechua-Cajamarca |
38,000 |
New Testament | Christianity |
92.0 |
4.0 |
Quechua Chincha | Partially Reached | Quechua-Chincha |
7,700 |
Unspecified | Christianity |
94.0 |
3.0 |
Quechua Cuzco | Partially Reached | Quechua-Cusco |
2,344,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
97.0 |
3.9 |
Quechua Huallaga | Partially Reached | Quechua-Huallaga |
58,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
95.0 |
3.0 |
Quechua Huamalies | Partially Reached | Quechua-Huamalies-Dos de Mayo Huanuco |
93,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
95.0 |
3.0 |
Quechua Lambayeque | Partially Reached | Quechua-Lambayeque |
26,000 |
New Testament | Christianity |
91.0 |
3.0 |
Quechua Margos Chaulan | Partially Reached | Quechua-Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha |
144,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
86.0 |
3.0 |
Quechua Northern Conchucos Ancash | Partially Reached | Quechua-Northern Conchucos Ancash |
310,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
95.0 |
4.0 |
Quechua Pacaroas | Partially Reached | Quechua-Pacaraos |
1,600 |
Unspecified | Christianity |
92.0 |
5.0 |
Quechua San Martin | Partially Reached | Quechua-San Martin |
57,000 |
New Testament | Christianity |
70.0 |
3.0 |
Quechua Sihuas Ancash | Partially Reached | Quechua-Sihuas Ancash |
8,100 |
Portions Completed | Christianity |
95.0 |
2.6 |
Quichua Lowland Napo | Partially Reached | Quichua-Napo |
11,000 |
New Testament | Christianity |
99.0 |
3.0 |
Romani Calo | Partially Reached | Calo |
9,900 |
Portions Completed | Christianity |
70.0 |
5.0 |
Sharanahua | Partially Reached | Sharanahua |
600 |
New Testament | Christianity |
70.0 |
10.0 |
Wampis | Partially Reached | Wampis |
12,000 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
7.0 |
6.0 |
Witoto | Partially Reached | Witoto-Murui |
100 |
New Testament | Christianity |
85.0 |
3.0 |
Yagua | Partially Reached | Yagua |
7,700 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
15.0 |
8.0 |
Yine | Partially Reached | Yine |
5,300 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
8.0 |
7.0 |
Americans U.S. | Significantly Reached | English |
10,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
80.0 |
28.9 |
Aymara Southern | Significantly Reached | Aymara-Southern |
250,000 |
Translation Needed | Christianity |
98.0 |
12.0 |
Chilean | Significantly Reached | Spanish |
99,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
87.0 |
18.0 |
Kulina | Significantly Reached | Kulina |
500 |
New Testament | Ethnic Religions |
12.0 |
11.0 |
Peruvian | Significantly Reached | Spanish |
24,580,000 |
Complete Bible | Christianity |
96.0 |
18.4 |